The research hypothesis involves which three hypotheses?
A) the null, the statistical, and the analytic hypotheses
B) the statistical, the null, and the causal hypotheses
C) the null, the confounding variable, and the causal hypotheses
D) the statistical, the confounding variable, and the analytic hypotheses
Answer: C
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Which statement about Russia's federal system is INCORRECT? a. Russia's federal units are represented at the national level by the Federation Council, the members of which are directly elected in regional elections. b. Putin took a number of steps to bring Russian regions under tighter federal control
c. The Russian constitution places many powers in the hands of the central government, while most others are considered to be shared jurisdiction between the regions and the federal government. d. The basis of some Russian federal units is ethnicity. e. Some cities are designated as having federal status.
Which of the following statements about the environment and environmental protection is most accurate?
A. Environmental protections established in the 1970s have failed to prevent rising levels of pollution. B. Since an initial flurry of legislation in the 1970s, Congress has passed no new environmental legislation. C. Pollution on Ohio's Cuyahoga River was so bad that the river caught on fire in 1969. D. Before the 1970s, the federal government had pursued no measures to protect the environment. E. Although environmental protections established in the 1970s have prevented pollution levels from rising, they have failed to reduce pollution levels significantly.
What kind of incentives motivate individuals to contribute to groups espousing causes they care about without worrying whether their contribution will make an appreciable difference?
a. selective b. personal c. doctrinal d. moral
In what ways does the Constitution protect civil rights?
a. by declaring that all people are created equal and by stating that all are equally entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness b. by prohibiting government discrimination and by granting federal and state governments power to protect citizens against discrimination by private individuals c. by granting the states the power to ignore any federal laws that the states find to be discriminatory against its citizens d. by declaring that all people are created equal and that all forms of discrimination are wrong