The first cells gave rise to
A. eukaryotes and bacteria.
B. bacteria and fungi.
C. archaea and protists.
D. bacteria and archaea.
Answer: D
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The atomic number corresponds to the number of ________ in a specific element, while the atomic weight corresponds to the number of ________ in a specific element.
A. protons; protons and neutrons B. protons and neutrons; neutrons C. protons; neutrons D. neutrons; protons
How does the proton motive force lead to production of ATP?
A) ATPase requires one proton to make one ATP. B) Protons must be pumped against a concentration gradient from outside of the cell into the cell to rotate the F0 subunit of ATPase for the F1 subunit to make ATP. C) Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase requires protons as cofactors in the reaction. D) Translocation of three to four protons drives the F0 component of ATPase which in turn phosphorylates one ADP into ATP.
How do arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) help plants obtain more nutrients from the soil?
A) Byproducts of AM metabolism serve as primary nutrient sources for the plants. B) The AM increase the total surface area to absorb more nutrients. C) The hyphae develop as specialized nodules that directly produce nutrients for the plant. D) Signaling molecules in the plant are passed to the AM to initiate electron flow, which is in turn used to create ATP.
The fossil record is a testament to extinct fauna no longer present on Earth. Certain areas of the planet have always had high species diversity (evidence from fossils and catalogs of current species diversity)
What two processes likely contribute to the patterns of animal diversity we see through time? A. evolutionary innovation and the appearance of new land masses over time B. evolutionary innovation and changes in atmospheric oxygen C. evolutionary innovation and extinction events (both local and global) D. evolutionary innovation and volcanic eruptions