The left side of the heart contains which of the following?
a. pulmonary artery
b. tricuspid valve
c. oxygenated blood
d. deoxygenated blood
c. oxygenated blood
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As body size increases in animals, _____
A) the surface-area-to-volume ratio decreases B) reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments C) there is greater variability in metabolic rate D) migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation E) it becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments
The natural habitat of the bacterium Sphingobacterium is:
a. environment. b. animal oral and respiratory flora. c. environment, cold climates. d. human normal flora.
What would be a primary advantage of using an attenuated agent rather than just an antigen from that agent for a vaccine?
A. This is actually a disadvantage-it's much more dangerous to use an attenuated agent over a subunit (single antigen) vaccine due to the possibility of reversion of the microbe to a pathogenic state. B. An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the antibody production (humoral response) of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection. C. An attenuated agent strongly stimulates ONLY the cytotoxic T cell (CTL, cell-mediated) side of the adaptive immune system. This provides the best and strongest long-term protection. D. An attenuated agent strongly stimulates both the humoral (antibody) AND cell-mediated (T cell) portions of the adaptive immune response, giving the best comprehensive long-term protection available.
The Pill
a. reduces menstrual cramps. b. can cause serious cardiovascular disorders especially in smokers. c. increases the risk of breast, cervical, and liver cancers. d. is the most common fertility control method in the United States. e. includes all of these.