Describe some advantages and disadvantages of single-participant experimental research.
What will be an ideal response?
Single-participant designs are particularly well suited in clinical settings. Researchers can establish a causal link between a treatment and a behavior with only one individual and then put this into practice with other people. The advantage of being able to demonstrate cause and effect with a single individual can also be seen as a disadvantage when a treatment that works for one individual does not work for others. With single-participant designs, conditions can be tailored to the individual being studied rather than standardized for a group. The researcher can easily modify the design even after the study has begun without jeopardizing its integrity. The experimental analysis of behavior traditionally uses response rate as the primary dependent measure. This is a disadvantage of the single-participant approach because other measures of behavior such as number correct, reaction time, and rating are excluded. Graphic analysis, rather than statistical analysis, is typically used in single-participant research and is considered to be more subjective.
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The CAGE is a mnemonic device related to assessing alcohol abuse in which interview questions address:
a. current amount of drinking, type of alcohol, gastrointestinal problems, and ease of access to alcohol b. often feeling confused, drinking to reduce anxiety, regular drinking with a group, and degree of excess c. attempting to cut down, has drinking annoyed others, feelings of guilt, needs an eye opener d. none of the above because the CAGE is a formal instrument that an individual takes regarding use of a variety of substances
The ASCA National model calls for school-based groups to be ________. a. Both preventative and strengths based
b. strengths based c. include a maximum of six students d. preventative
One of the authors’ suggestions is to make ethical standards part of the group _______.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What is the major course of change during the midcareer stage?
a. Socialization process b. Psychological changes c. Age-related changes in abilities and job performance d. Changes are from diversified sources, such as new and different technology, product demand, market forces and changes in the labor market