What is PECS? Describe how PECS can be developed and used for aiding communication.
What will be an ideal response?
PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System) is based on the techniques and principles of applied behavior analysis and is considered a “low-tech” option for aiding communication.PECS teaches children to initiate requests by exchanging pictures for desired objects or activities.PECS begins with teaching single word requests by exchanging a picture for an object and eventually moves to building sentence structure.PECS requires the child to initiate communicative acts by pointing to or handing a picture to an adult to obtain the desired object. PECS usually progresses from single words to sentences.When students have learned single-word exchanges, a sentence strip is used to attach pictures to form a sentence.Sentences can be further extended to incorporate additional words, such as verbs, adjectives, etc. In the PECS program, a child’s expressive communication skills are shaped through the use of reinforcement (Flippin, Reszeka, & Watson, 2010).Typically, PECS starts with pictures of desired objects, then moves to pictures with sentence strips (i.e., I want water), and finally from pictures to words.PECS can also be used to create visual schedules that provide visual cues about what to do throughout the day.
PECS can be easily created in a few minutes by using a digital camera or iPhone camera to take pictures of familiar items, or finding cartoons or pictures from the internet.There are also several commercial PECS solutions that provide an easy way to access pictures for communication.These self-made pictures can be tailored to the child’s specific needs, and they are less expensive to create.
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Although often overlooked by teachers when preparing their classrooms, theorists and philosophers who studied early childhood emphasize the importance of this aspect of the classroom for supporting learning and literacy development
a. use of manipulative materials b. creation of an integrated curriculum c. design of the physical environment d. none of the above
Which one of the following alternatives is the best example of service learning?
a. Struggling readers in a first-grade class spend three days a week with parent volunteers who provide one-on-one tutoring in basic reading skills. b. A group of young boys develop a business in which they mow the lawns of their neighbors to make extra spending money. c. Students in a fourth-grade class work in small cooperative groups to help one another make sense of challenging reading material. d. Students in a biology class collect samples of local pond water, evaluate them for bacteria content, and report their findings to the city health department.
"The first thing I ask myself when I start a word problem," Liam Johnson, a math teacher, comments to his students as he displays a word problem on the board, "is ‘what is the problem asking for,' and then, if possible, I try to draw a diagram or picture of the problem to help me visualize the problem."
Of the following, the guideline for applying information processing with students that Liam is best demonstrating is: a. Conduct reviews to activate schemas and check perceptions. b. Begin learning activities with attention-getting experience. c. Interact with students to promote cognitive activity and reduce cognitive load. d. Model and encourage metacognition.
Sticking to the schedule that you've prepared is the most effective way to
A. work harder, not smarter. B. manage your time. C. procrastinate. D. be reactive instead of proactive.