When Adler wrote of using a constructivist attitude, to what did he refer?
a. Constructing truth by breaking experiences down into small parts and reassembling them.
b. Basing conceptualization of a client’s situation on that client’s view of reality.
c. Being positive or constructive rather than negative when dealing with clients.
d. Understanding that all people react to situations in the same way so that to understand a client the therapist must construct the combination of situations the client is experiencing.
e. Understanding that for all clients, reality is objective.
Answer: b
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According to person-centered counseling:
a) people have no free will b) the self-concept is based on how others view the individual c) diagnosis and past experience are important components d) neurosis stems from incongruence between self-concept and environment
The assumptions of hierarchal socialization patterns are:
a) sources of differences between and among people possess rank and value b) characteristics perceived as normal are desired and thought to be desired by all people c) characteristics with less rank are regarded as undesirable and are associated with less social power d) all of the above
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and SUDs?
a. People with BPD tend to use drugs or alcohol to intensify their emotions. b. Substance abuse treatment for people with BPD is quite straightforward. c. It is estimated that around 30–50% of people with a SUD will also have BPD. d. Relaxation training seems to be the most effective form of treatment for individuals with BPD and SUD.
In order to understand the function of behavior, counselors can study the _____________________ of the behavior
a. Rewards and consequences b. Antecedents and consequences c. Antecedents and punishments d. Rewards and punishments