Which of the following is true regarding the participant-variable design?
a. The independent variables used in the design are always demographic variables.
b. The independent variables always involve pre-existing personality characteristics of the participants.
c. Because the participant variable is measured, causal conclusions about the effect of the participant variable on the dependent variable are difficult to draw.
d. Because the participant variable can be manipulated, causal conclusions can frequently be made.
c
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When the "teachers" in Milgram's obedience study followed orders to shock someone, which of the following was NOT one of the reasons for their obedience?
a. The teachers saw themselves as the researcher's assistants. b. The teachers knew they were not really hurting someone. c. The experimenter accepted responsibility. d. The shocks started small and progressed slowly.
According to Hans Eysenck, personality is largely
a. inherited. b. a function of unconscious forces. c. shaped by sexual conflicts. d. determined by external forces.
Lavonne despises“new age” music. So, when Lavonne refuses to clean her room, her mother makes her stay in her room and plays new age music through the intercom. Her mother tells Lavonne that as soon as she finishes cleaning her room, the music will stop. This is an example of ____.?
a. ?positive reinforcement b. ?negative reinforcement c. ?punishment d. ?shaping
The first EEG recordings were made by
A. Phelps and Hoffman. B. Wilhelm Röntgen. C. Hans Berger. D. Hounsfield and Cormack.