Explain "specialization" in detail

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Specialization refers to division of labor, or job differentiation. As a police department increases in size, it becomes necessary to specialize. That is, it becomes inefficient for everyone to perform all tasks. The police executive must divide the tasks among various work groups or units. Tasks that are different may be performed by different individuals or groups to increase organizational effectiveness. For example, patrol officers perform tasks centering around responding to calls for assistance, making initial contact with citizens, and deterring crime. Traffic officers, on the other hand, investigate accidents, enforce traffic laws, and deploy special equipment such as radar units to apprehend speeding motorists. Each job consists of a number of tasks that are similar in nature. Thus each officer can be assigned certain responsibilities or jobs, can be taught the job, and can perform it efficiently.