Changes that occur naturally in the subjects, over time could result in the confound of:
a. history.
b. maturation.
c. regression to the mean.
d. diffusion of treatment.
b
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In a classic study, Gibson and Walk (1960) placed infants of various ages on a fabric-covered runway that ran across the center of a device called a visual cliff. What were the findings of this study?
A. Most infants spent an equal amount of time on the "shallow" and "dropped" side of the visual cliff because of their immature depth perception. B. Most infants spent most of their time on the "dropped" side of the visual cliff because it was novel. C. Most infants would only cross the visual cliff if encouraged to do so by their mothers. D. Most infants would not cross the visual cliff, even if encouraged to do so by their mothers.
The first grade teacher gives students stickers when they perform well. If they earn five stickers in one day they are exempt from homework. The stickers in this example could also be called
a. token reinforcers. b. primary reinforcers. c. bribes. d. prepotent responses.
Compare and contrast G. Stanley Hall's "storm and stress" view of adolescence with the inventionist view.
What will be an ideal response?
When test users accept evidence of construct validity, they must also accept what?
A. underlying definition of the construct used in the validation process B. evidence of validity for other tests of similar constructs C. test as valid for all uses D. validity of test takers' scores on the test