Some motivation theorists believe that in order to be intrinsically motivated, students must have both a sense of competence and a sense of self-determination
a. Briefly describe these two concepts, illustrating each with a concrete example.
b. With the two concepts in mind, describe four strategies for promoting intrinsic motivation in a classroom setting.
Answers to the separate parts of the question are as follows:
a. A sense of competence is a belief that one can deal effectively with the environment. A sense of self-determination is a belief that one is in control of one's destiny and can make choices regarding the direction that one's life will take. (The response should include a concrete example of each of these concepts.)
b. The textbook presents a number of possible strategies that should foster either a sense of competence or a sense of self-determination (the response should include at least four of these or reasonable facsimiles):
• Help students achieve success, especially on challenging tasks.
• Provide mechanisms that enable students to track their progress.
• Minimize competition and other situations in which students might judge themselves unfavorably in comparison with peers.
• Create an environment in which students feel comfortable taking risks and making mistakes.
• Give larger rewards for accomplishing challenging tasks than for accomplishing easy ones.
• Provide opportunities for independent work and decision making.
• Present rules and instructions in an informational rather than controlling manner.
• Provide opportunities for students to make choices.
• Evaluate students' performance in a noncontrolling fashion.
• Be selective about when and how to use extrinsic reinforcers.
Give credit for other strategies that are equally plausible as means of enhancing self-efficacy
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Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. Students who use a computerized problem-solving tool will perform better on word problems than students who do not use the tool
a. necessarily ex post facto research b. possible to do with experimental research
Which of the following words represents the most abstract concept?
a. Fairness b. Chair c. Eat d. Hamburger e. Jumping
Nick does not become defensive when he receives negative feedback from the teacher. In fact, he sees it as an indication that more work and effort are needed, and he responds by working harder. Nick demonstrates a(n)
a. incremental view. b. entity view. c. mastery view. d. process view.
Which of the following would not reflect an activity that students might choose for PAT?
a) completing an art project that relates to course content. b) having time to read material of their own choosing. c) watching a documentary about the content they’re studying. d) this is a trick question, because what students find motivating varies widely.