Because they were not allowed to use physical punishment to control the prisoners in the Stanford Prison Experiment, the guards began to rely on ________
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. humiliation and degradation
d. a twelve-step program
c
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What does shaping mean (in the context of operant conditioning)?
a. Establishing a response by punishing every alternative response b. Molding the animal's body into position to make the response c. Establishing a response and then providing opportunities to apply it in new situations d. Establishing a response by reinforcing successive approximations
As compared with the first 2 years of life, growth ______ during early childhood.
A. slows B. speeds up C. completely stops D. follows an intermittent pattern
A form of maltreatment effect occurs when hostages develop affection for their captors. This is called ______.
A. Stockholm syndrome B. cognitive dissonance C. escalation trap D. sunken cost fallacy
The ________________ is (are) characterized by a sense of inner harmony, usually a result of a sense of living in a manner consistent with one's ideal self.*
a. age of mastery b. flaming fifties c. serene sixties d. sage seventies