The nurse is explaining dysfunctional labor patterns to a group of nursing students. Which of the following should the nurse include in the list of risk factors for hypotonic labor? (Select all that apply.)

A.
Anxiety and fear
B.
Fetal malpresentation
C.
Maternal obesity
D.
Multiple gestation
E.
Pain medication


ANS: B, C, D, E
Many factors contribute to hypotonic labor, including fetal anomalies, malpresentation, and macrosomia; maternal diabetes and hypertension; multiple gestation; and hydramnios. Anxiety and fear are more likely contributing factors to hypertonic labor.

Nursing

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