A newly admitted patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what caused her diabetes. When the nurse is explaining to the patient the etiology of type 1 diabetes, what process should the nurse describe?
A) "The tissues in your body are resistant to the action of insulin, making the glucose levels in your blood increase."
B) "Damage to your pancreas causes an increase in the amount of glucose that it releases, and there is not enough insulin to control it."
C) "The amount of glucose that your body makes overwhelms your pancreas and decreases your production of insulin."
D) "Destruction of special cells in the pancreas causes a decrease in insulin production. Glucose levels rise because insulin normally breaks it down."
Ans: D
Feedback:
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in decreased insulin production, unchecked glucose production by the liver, and fasting hyperglycemia. Also, glucose derived from food cannot be stored in the liver and remains circulating in the blood, which leads to postprandial hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The body does not "make" glucose.
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