What key assumption of the endosymbiotic theory is observed in living animals?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Engulfed cells and organelles are observed to survive in the cytoplasm of the ingested cells. These include algae or cyanobacteria that are living in the cytoplasm of an animal cell. There are examples of species in at least 150 genera distributed among 11 phyla. and the evidence that supports it.
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What is the function of bactoprenol?
A) It is a hydrophobic alcohol that transports peptidoglycan precursors across the cytoplasmic membrane. B) It is responsible for forming the peptide cross-links between muramic acid residues in adjacent glycan chains. C) It triggers the recruitment of FtsZ and the initiation of the divisome. D) It supplies the energy necessary for transpeptidation to occur.
Which of the following situations would be MOST likely to produce a new species?
A. A new group of polyploid individuals arises by an abnormal mitosis and can only reproduce with each other. B. Several individuals join an existing population and introduce new alleles to the population. C. Several individuals colonize a new area but continue to migrate back to the original colony to reproduce with the ancestral population. D. An existing species becomes subdivided by the effects of a glacier and the resulting groups remain physically isolated from each other for thousands of years; when united they are still able to reproduce between groups. E. A volcano erupts and kills all of the frogs on an island. New frogs colonize the island and begin reproducing rapidly because there are no predators.
A class of pathogen recognition receptors that function exclusively as signaling receptors are known as the ________ receptors.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Biomagnification involves compounds having higher relative concentrations in ________.
A. lower trophic levels B. top consumers or higher trophic levels C. higher trophic levels D. top consumers