Describe the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.
What will be an ideal response?
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is used for children ages 2 and up and takes 45 to 60 minutes to complete. The child is asked to define words, string beads, build with blocks, identify the missing parts of a picture, trace mazes, and show an understanding of numbers. The child's score is supposed to measure fluid reasoning (the ability to solve abstract or novel problems), knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory. The fifth edition includes nonverbal methods of testing all five of these dimensions of cognition and permits comparisons of verbal and nonverbal performance. In addition to providing a full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ), the Stanford-Binet yields separate measures of verbal and nonverbal IQ plus composite scores spanning the five cognitive dimensions.
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-III) is an individual test that takes 30 to 60 minutes. It has separate levels for ages 2½ to 4 and 4 to 7, and it yields separate verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score. The most current version includes subtests designed to measure both verbal and nonverbal fluid reasoning, receptive versus expressive vocabulary, and processing speed. The WPPSI-III has been validated for special populations, such as children with intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, language disorders, and autistic disorders.
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Bottom-up processing is initiated by __________.
A. knowledge stored in higher brain centers B. expectations based on past experiences C. an environmental stimulus D. beliefs about the environmental conditions
Logotherapy relies on the techniques of paradoxical intention and __________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Based on findings comparing women across the reproductive continuum, the best age for
conceiving and delivering children is a. 15 - 20 b. 21 - 30 c. 31 - 40 d. 41 - 50
Which of the following ensures that an extraneous variable is just as likely to affect one experimental group as it is to affect the other group?
A. construct validity B. randomization C. correlation coefficient D. operationalization