List eight particular groups of people who, under the guidance of a physician or dietitian, should take a multivitamin-mineral supplement
Major health organizations and other experts say that taking a multivitamin-mineral supplement, under the guidance of a physician or dietitian, may be in order for these particular groups of people:
• People restricting energy intake for weight loss
• People with certain diseases or those taking medications that interfere with appetite, absorption, or excretion of nutrients
• Strict vegetarians, whose diets may fall short in vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, and zinc
• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, phases that bolster the need for nutrients, including iron and folate
• Women with excessive menstrual bleeding, who may need iron supplements
• Women during their childbearing years who do not consume folate-rich foods or foods fortified with folic acid; they may need more folate in their diets to prevent neural tube defects in infants
• People with a specific nutrient gap that cannot or is not otherwise being filled by the individual's food intake. For example, people with lactose intolerance, or who do not consume milk or other dairy products—they need a source of calcium; those with inadequate exposure to sunlight may also need vitamin D
• Older adults, who may have difficulty choosing an adequate diet, chewing problems, or a reduced ability to absorb and metabolize certain nutrients
• People who are recovering from surgery, burn injuries, or other illnesses that increase nutrient needs
• People with chronic diseases of the digestive tract or other conditions that lead to poor intake or deplete nutrient stores
• People with alcohol or other drug addictions, who are likely to have a shortage of vitamins and minerals in their diets
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People who have lactose intolerance should avoid foods that contain gluten.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Your middle-aged aunt says that she always feels more "tipsy" than her same-size husband, even though their alcohol intake is the same. You respond by saying to your aunt:
a. "Men have greater amounts of liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and so can oxidize the alcohol at a faster rate." b. "Women have less stomach alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme and consequently absorb more of the alcohol into the bloodstream." c. "Men have greater amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the brain, resulting in reduced exposure of brain neurons to alcohol." d. "Women have less liver alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and so more alcohol is released into the systemic circulation."
According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), what percentage of the calories in a balanced diet should come from protein?
a. 2 to 15 percent b. 10 to 35 percent c. 35 to 45 percent d. 45 to 65 percent
A medical researcher has isolated a chemical from cigarette smoke. When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells, the chemical damages unsaturated fatty acids in the cells' plasma membranes. He is able to prevent this damage by adding vitamin E to the mixture of the chemical and cells. Based on this information, the scientist has ________.
A. discovered a vitamin-based cure for lung cancer B. identified vitamin E as a prooxidant C. determined that the chemical in cigarette smoke is an oxidizing agent D. conducted an in vitro experiment under poorly controlled conditions