Explain how high levels of visceral fat can lead to increased disease risk.
What will be an ideal response?
Visceral fat lies beneath skin and muscles of the abdomen and around internal organs. It is much more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat (fat that lies beneath the skin) and is more strongly related to disease risk. Metabolic processes initiated by visceral fat produce chronic inflammation, free-radical generation, and oxidative stress. These disruptions promote the development of insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride concentrations, and increased blood pressure. These changes, in turn, increase the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and other clinical conditions during pregnancy. Normal-weight and overweight individuals with excessive visceral fat deposits are also at increased risk of metabolic abnormalities and diseases associated with them.
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Bioelectrical impedance assesses body composition based on the principle that ________.
A. adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue B. fat-free mass is proportional to total body potassium C. electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue D. atomic nuclei behave like magnets when an external magnetic field is applied across the body
The ________ is the site of protein synthesis within the cell.
A. nucleus B. lysosome C. Golgi apparatus D. ribosome
What percent of people with hemochromatosis develop cardiomyopathy?
a. 10% b. 30% c. 50% d. 70% e. 90%
John has severe ascites due to advanced cirrhosis. He is scheduled to undergo a procedure that will use a surgical puncture to draw excess fluid out of his abdomen. What is this procedure called?
a. Shock-wave lithotripsy b. Paracentesis c. Peritoneovenous shunt d. Parenteral support