After which step in the Gram-stain procedure are gram-positive bacteria first distinguished from gram-negative bacteria?
a. Crystal violet
b. Iodine mordant
c. Gram's decolorizer
d. Safranin
C
Up until the decolorizer step, all bacteria and cells appear the same during the Gram-stain pro-cedure.
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A checkpoint protein that functions during S stage would likely ____.
The process that most involves the selective uptake of a specific cargo molecule into the cell through receptor binding and aggregation is
A. pinocytosis. B. receptor-mediated endocytosis. C. autophagocytosis. D. phagocytosis. E. receptor-mediated exocytosis.
The neural circuit that allows a male stickleback fish to orient and behave aggressively towards an inanimate object with a red stripe is an example of a(n)
A. stimulus-response chain. B. supernormal stimulus. C. innate releasing mechanism. D. sign stimulus. E. fixed action pattern.
Which of the following statements if NOT true?
a. Exotoxins are more lethal than endotoxins b. Endotoxins are part of the gram-positive cell wall c. Exotoxins can be neutralized in the blood by antitoxin treatment d. Endotoxins can cause septic shock