A 3-year-old African-American child is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. The parents know that sickle cell anemia is hereditary but do not understand why their child has the disease, because neither of them has it. The nurse explains that:
1. at least one of the parents has to have the disease.
2. only one parent has to have the disease or the trait.
3. someone in previous generations had the disease.
4. both parents were carriers of the sickle cell trait.
4
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease carried by the recessive genes of both parents, who will not have any symptoms of the disease at all.
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A new mother asks the nurse why babies are more prone to dehydration than adults. Which rationales from the nurse best answer this mother's question? (Select all that apply.)
A. A greater body surface area than adults B. Higher percentage of total body water C. Improved ability of kidneys to concentrate urine D. Kidneys too efficient in excreting waste E. More fluids losses through GI tract and skin
What is the study design used in the following research project?
Twenty patients, all of whom have bipolar mania, have been placed on lithium and also begun on a medication believed to prevent rapid cycling. The patients are followed for 12 months, at which time they are seen by a psychiatrist monthly, to adjust their dosages. Medication compliance, emergency department visits, and mental health hospitalizations are measured. These are compared with another group of patients with the same mental illness, being treated on lithium alone. a. Posttest-only design with comparison group b. Pretest-posttest design with comparison group c. Pretest-posttest design with removed treatment d. Pretest-posttest design with two comparison treatments
The nurse is caring for terminally ill children in a hospital setting. With which of the following children would the nurse consult regarding the continuation or withdrawal of treatment?
A) A 4-year-old with an inoperable brain tumor B) A 5-year-old with kidney failure C) A 6-year-old with life-threatening injuries D) A 7-year-old with end-stage leukemia
The nursing instructor teaches student nurses about chemotherapy for cancer. Which statement best explains why lung cancers are less sensitive to antineoplastic agents than other types of cancers?
1. "Lung cancer cells have a very erratic cell cycle, and this is why there isn't much difference between the number of replicating and resting cells." 2. "Lung cancer cells have been growing for a long time before detection, so they are less sensitive to antineoplastic agents." 3. "Lung cancer cells have a low-growth fraction, which means there isn't much difference between the number of replicating and resting cells." 4. "Lung cancer cells grow in a high-oxygen environment, so they are not very sensitive to antineoplastic agents."