Bullying can be broadly defined as repeated, aggressive behavior that contains several elements. Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

a. Sexual abuse
b. Physical abuse
c. Verbal abuse
d. Cyber abuse


a

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Taking steps to protect one's privacy is enough to protect against law enforcement intrusion.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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Many researchers draw conclusions about causality with data that are collected at a single point in time. Determining that the cause came before the effect is uncertain with such data. Which of the following circumstances does not allow us to determine that the cause came before the effect?

a. The independent variable is fixed at some point prior to the variation in the dependent variable. b. Reliability of the variables is established by having different interviewers question the respondent. c. It can be established that the respondents’ retrospective accounts are reliable. d. The measures are based on records that contain information on cases in earlier time periods.

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The statistical significance of r is tested using which of the following distributions?

A. t distribution B. z distribution C. f distribution D. none of these

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The philosophical viewpoint that encourages the state to take control of wayward children and provide care, custody, and treatment to remedy delinquent behavior is:

a. "parental inefficacy" c. "in loco parentis" b. "best interest of the child" d. none of the above

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