Which component of classical conditioning automatically produces a reaction?
a) conditioned stimulus (CS)
b) conditioned response (CR)
c) unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
d) unconditioned response (UCR)
C
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The importance of heredity stems from the fact that it
a. is not subject to environmental influences. b. determines the overall health of the organism. c. sets the limits of development by providing a framework of potentials and limitations. d. is more fragile than the environment and, consequently, can be more changeable.
The similarities that are often seen among families that adopt children might have which of the following effects on analyses of the heritability of traits?
A. exaggeration of environmental influences B. environmental influences that cannot be observed C. underestimation of genetic influences D. magnification of genetic influences
The muscle that is attached to the stapes is called the stapedius.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
A clinical psychologist examined the effect of a treatment designed to reduce the amount of cigarette smoking in the day room of an inpatient psychiatric facility. His treatment consisted of a several components to maximize its potential effectiveness (e.g., increasing the number of available activities; giving patients responsibility for care of the unit's plants, fish, etc.; the opportunity to exchange cigarettes for positive reinforcers). At the end of three months, his data indicated that cigarette smoking had declined significantly. Based on this, he is able to conclude that
A. any of the components, implemented by itself, would reduce smoking in the day room. B. the treatment will work only when all of the components are present. C. neither (A) nor (B) D. both (A) and (B)