Discuss Kohlberg's theory and methods. What methods have been developed to complement
Kohlberg's?
What will be an ideal response?
Kohlberg theorized that moral development progressed through a series of orderly,
invariant stages. Early moral reasoning, according to this theorist, is based primarily on
personal needs or the consequences or outcomes of moral actions. During childhood,
thinking is more logical, yet guided by external authority. During adolescence and
adulthood, moral thinking is more internalized, and guided by individual principles
(hence the term, value autonomy). When using Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview,
the rater considers the level of reasoning behind the participant's responses, which are
then used to assign the individual a stage score. Because it takes considerable time to
score these responses, there have been other measures developed, such as the Defining
Issues Test, that require the participant to simply evaluate potential responses to moral
dilemmas.
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According to Piaget's theory, what is assimilation? Provide an example of how children use this in the sensorimotor stage.
What will be an ideal response?
Research has shown that people who make challenge appraisals tend to:
a. use more problem-focused coping techniques b. report more overall stress c. experience more feelings of anxiety and fear d. have an external locus of control
Before the development of brain imaging and similar technology, our knowledge of the nervous system mostly came from
A. autopsies and the study of brain damaged individuals. B. microscopic study of brain cells. C. behavioral studies. D. introspective studies.
The biggest complaint against the cascade model of substance abuse is that it
A. has limited focus on environmental influences. B. explains abuse in adults but not in teens. C. needs to place greater emphasis diatheses. D. does not consider contextual factors.