The research by Lloyd and Margaret Peterson suggests that
the duration of short-term memory is about 15 seconds, but some have proposed that it may be as short as 5 seconds. These other theorists have suggested that some of the participants in the Petersons' study were able to silently rehearse the letters they were shown, thus appearing to have a longer short-term memory duration. This alternate explanation for the Petersons' findings demonstrates which principle of critical thinking?
A) Replicability
B) Extraordinary claims
C) Falsifiability
D) Ruling out rival hypotheses
Answer: D
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A psychologist wanted to see if people are more prone to seek the company of others when anxious than when calm
He randomly assigned half of his participants to an anxiety group and then told them that, as part of the study, they would receive electric shocks. He did not frighten the other group of participants. Finally, he recorded how many participants in each group chose to be "tested" in a group setting and how many chose to be "tested" alone. In this study, the group that was NOT frightened would be called the ____________ group. a) experimental b) control c) placebo d) test
When we fail to acknowledge or accept certain aspects of ourselves and then project them onto others, whom we then dislike, we are suffering from
a. self-immunization b. self-alienation c. self-consistency d. mnemonic neglect
The idea that our behavior at a given time stems from the motives we hold at that time emphasizes the concept of
a. individual differences. b. internal consistency. c. intrapersonal functioning. d. personal distinctiveness.
Shaping, fading, extinction, and punishment are all procedures used in
a) behavior therapy. b) neo-Freudian therapy. c) assertiveness training. d) client-centered therapy.