An inpatient nursing unit uses Madeleine Leininger's theory to organize nursing care. The manager would conclude that a new nurse has successfully integrated this theory into practice when the nurse does which of the following actions?
A.
Emphasizes caring over curing in nursing actions
B.
Establishes trusting relationships with patients
C.
Knows the cultural practices of many different groups
D.
Organizes environmental factors for the patient's benefit
ANS: B
Establishing a trusting nurse-patient relationship is at the core of Leininger's theory. In order to understand another person's cultural beliefs, values, methods of providing or showing caring, causes of illness, and how wellness is achieved, the nurse must first establish a trusting relationship with the patient so the patient feels free to share. This is an ongoing process. The emphasis on caring over curing is part of Watson's theory. Knowing the practices of several different cultural groups would be a valuable asset, but is not required for Leininger's theory. Organizing the environment to benefit the patient is part of Nightingale's theory.
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