The perinatal nurse explains risk factors for hematoma formation to a group of nursing students. What risk factors does the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
A.
Cesarean birth
B.
Episiotomy
C.
Genital tract laceration
D.
Multiparity
E.
Prolonged second stage of labor
ANS: B, C, E
Risk factors for hematoma development include genital tract lacerations, episiotomies, operative vaginal deliveries, a difficult or prolonged second stage of labor, and nulliparity.
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