A faculty member explains the concepts of addiction, tolerance, and dependence to students. Which information is accurate? (Select all that apply.)
a. Addiction is a chronic physiologic disease process.
b. Physical dependence and addiction are the same thing.
c. Pseudoaddiction can result in withdrawal symptoms.
d. Tolerance is a normal response to regular opioid use.
e. Tolerance is said to occur when opioid effects decrease.
ANS: A, D, E
Addiction, tolerance, and dependence are important concepts. Addiction is a chronic, treatable disease with a neurologic and biologic basis. Tolerance occurs with regular administration of opioid analgesics and is seen when the effect of the analgesic decreases (either therapeutic effect or side effects). Dependence and addiction are not the same; dependence occurs with regular administration of analgesics and can result in withdrawal symptoms when they are discontinued abruptly. Pseudoaddiction is the mistaken diagnosis of addictive disease.
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