Which finding would the nurse attribute to withdrawal in a client who has substance dependence?
1. The client presented to the clinic and asked for help "so I can stop wrecking my life."
2. The client is sitting quietly in a rocking chair in the corner.
3. The client asks the same question repeatedly.
4. The client complains of a headache.
3
Rationale 1: This statement may well be a first step toward not being substance dependent.
Rationale 2: There is no indication that withdrawal is occurring in this client.
Rationale 3: Maladaptive cognitive changes, in this case either not remembering the answer or not remembering asking the question, can indicate withdrawal in a client who is substance dependent.
Rationale 4: Withdrawal may present a number of physical symptoms, but headache could be caused by a number of other illnesses. It is not as specific as another option.
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