What is the link between colored pigment molecules and other organic molecules?

Question

Many traits of organisms, such as body form and color, are controlled by specific proteins, in turn controlled by the DNA genetic sequence of nucleotides. The genetic control of color, as in aphids, does not usually shift during the life of an organism. Researchers found that some specific aphid populations shift from an original red coloration to a green coloration.

Genetics could be a factor, if some programmed shift could be identified. Environmental conditions of the living and nonliving habitat could be a factor. Either way, the chemistry and observed changes of pigment molecules in the aphids can be studied with the scientific method.
A. All of the answer choices are correct.
B. In the case of the aphids, the pigment molecules of bacteria are genetically passed on to the DNA of infected aphids.
C. The DNA molecule genetic sequence regulates protein molecule function, which can change pigment structure that affects color.
D. Pigment molecules are made up of all four of the other organic molecule groups.
E. This one group of aphids can easily alter the pigment molecule structure by modifying its DNA nucleotide sequence and building new proteins.

Answer 1

C. The DNA molecule genetic sequence regulates protein molecule function, which can change pigment structure that affects color.