Brian is motivated. According to the textbook, what must he show to be motivated?
a. Brian's behavior must be instinctual.
b. He must direct his energies toward a specific goal.
c. As he reaches his goal, his arousal must subside.
d. The goal that Brian is working towards must be a general, not specific goal.
B
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Which of these achievement attributions for a college test situation is external?
a. Not having the ability to learn the material b. Doing poorly because of a hangover c. The test was unfairly difficult d. English fluency is too low to understand the book or lecture
The basic difference between punishment and reinforcement boils down to a difference between ______
a. stimuli and responses b. presenting and removing stimuli c. decreasing and increasing response rates d. conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
The main tenet of social exchange theory is that we will help others when
a. the rewards outweigh the costs. b. the rewards are high. c. the costs are low. d. they have already helped us.
In what way may hormonal factors influence the late onset of schizophrenia in women?
A) Estrogen may prevent psychotic symptoms before menopause. B) Progesterone may prevent psychotic symptoms before menopause. C) Hormonal imbalance may cause psychotic symptoms to appear in later life. D) Sex hormones are unrelated to schizophrenic symptoms.