The protein ____________________ produces power strokes that lead to sarcomere shortening. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
ANSWER: myosin
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An avid gardener composts her wastes near the back of her property, away from her house. She moved the compost heap out there because it sometimes heats up enough to smoke. When asked why it heats up so much, she answers, simply, “Because the second law of thermodynamics says so!” How does the second law of thermodynamics explain her compost smoking?
a. Gardeners will often set their compost heaps on fire first to accelerate the rate of decomposition. According to second law of thermodynamics, ash and carbon form and smoke is given off. b. The second law of thermodynamics says that energy in a system is always increasing. This increase in energy includes the energy in compost heaps. As the energy increases, heat is produced. c. The breakdown of compost involves a transformation of energy from chemical bonds in the decomposing organic matter. The second law of thermodynamics says that there is no 100% energy transfer, so some of the energy is lost to the surroundings as heat. d. The gardener is incorrect and her garden compost heap has nothing to do with the second law of thermodynamics.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The outgroup in this cladogram of vertebrate animals is the amphibians. 2. Mammals diverged from a common ancestor of all of these vertebrates more recently than crocodiles diverged from a common ancestor of birds. 3. Lizards and mammals are proposed in this cladogram to be more closely related than lizards and birds. 4. A biological species is defined as a population whose members can interbreed. 5. Today, scientists can deduce evolutionary relationships by DNA sequence analysis.
A pair of corresponding chromosomes, one from each parent, is called ____________________. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
Before Watson and Crick described DNA structure, Linus Pauling proposed a possible model with three strands of support running down the middle and the bases extending out the sides. How did Pauling's model differ from Watson and Crick's?
A. Pauling proposed three support strands while Watson and Crick proposed two strands. B. Pauling proposed that the bases stick out the sides of the molecule while Watson and Crick proposed the bases were paired in the middle. C. Pauling proposed the support strands ran down the middle of the molecule while Watson and Crick proposed the support strands ran down the sides. D. All of the choices describe how Pauling's model was different than Watson and Crick's model.