What is the difference between nominal variables and real variables? Discuss the calculations undertaken to determine the real wage rate and the real interest rate. Explain why the real wage rate and real interest rate are real variables
What will be an ideal response?
Nominal variables are measured using current dollars; real variables are measured using dollars of a given base year. More generally, nominal variables are in terms of current dollars whereas real variables are in terms of the quantity of goods and services that can be purchased. The real wage rate equals the nominal wage rate divided by the CPI. The real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. The real wage rate is a real variable because it provides the purchasing power of an hour's labor. The real interest rate is a real variable because it provides the purchasing power gained as interest on a loan.
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Refer to Table 8-18. What is real GDP in 2016, using 2016 as the base year?
A) $28,885 B) $11,790 C) $11,200 D) $10,275
Assume that business investment spending rises, and the increase is funded by greater borrowing in the capital markets. If the nation has low mobility international capital markets and a fixed exchange rate system, what happens to the quantity of real loanable funds per time period and current international transactions in the context of the Three-Sector-Model?
a. The quantity of real loanable funds per time period falls and current international transactions become more negative (or less positive). b. The quantity of real loanable funds per time period rises and current international transactions become more negative (or less positive). c. The quantity of real loanable funds per time period and current international transactions remain the same. d. The quantity of real loanable funds per time period rises and current international transactions remain the same. e. There is not enough information to determine what happens to these two macroeconomic variables.
If velocity = 5, the price level = 2, and the real value of output is 2,500, then the quantity of money is
a. $250. b. $25,000. c. $1,000. d. $6,250.
All of the following are characteristics of a perfectly competitive market EXCEPT
A. buyers and seller have equal access to information. B. high barriers to entry and exit. C. large number of buyers and sellers. D. homogeneous products.