Stare decisis means that cases are
A) decided using an adversarial system of opposing sides through which the truth hopefully will emerge.
B) decided on the grounds of constitutionality.
C) often used by judges to in effect enact new law and public policy.
D) decided on the basis of precedent.
E) appealable only on procedural grounds not on evidence.
Answer: D) decided on the basis of precedent.
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Cognitive dissonance results from
a. personal emotions such as feelings of hostility or insecurity. b. a low level of knowledge due to poor education. c. the difficulty in processing information under conditions of uncertainty. d. filtering of information inconsistent with existing images.
According to the text, a foreign policy approach that would commit the United States to remain engaged in the world, albeit in a more selective, self-interested way might be labeled
a. a neo-isolationist approach. b. a realist approach. c. a democratic imperative approach. d. a new internationalist approach. e. an idealist approach.
Group surveys differ from other types of surveys in the following way.
A. Respondents do not fill out the questionnaires themselves. B. The cost of group surveys is usually prohibitively high. C. The questionnaire is distributed to more than one respondent at a time. D. An interviewer reads the questions to the respondent.
Nonsystematic, within-groups variability
A) has differential effects on only the experimental group. B) has random effects. C) has no effects on the outcome. D) cannot be controlled.