Ben has decided to stop smoking, but each time he tries to quit he experiences withdrawal symptoms, which lead him right back to smoking. How might psychologists explain this phenomenon?
a) discrimination
b) classical conditioning
c) positive reinforcement
d) negative reinforcement
d
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ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true of the placebo effect?
a. It is caused by participants' expectations. b. It may be controlled through use of the double-blind procedure. c. It is only a factor in medication trials. d. All of the above are true.
The research of John Garcia and Robert Koelling on taste aversion is noteworthy in the understanding of learning because it demonstrated that
a. organisms are biologically prepared to learn certain associations. b. complex behaviors may be acquired by shaping of successive approximations. c. a more probable activity can be used to reinforce a less probable one. d. the associationist principles of learning are common to all organisms.
Based on the amount of light in the environment, the _____ gland is instructed to secrete or withhold the hormone _____, which plays an important role in sleep
Fill in the blank with correct word
In terms of arriving at decisions regarding uncertain matters, some adults use their lengthy
personal experiences with a topic, or __________ to help guide the decision. Fill in the blanks with correct word