Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide?
A. a five-carbon sugar
B. one or more phosphate groups
C. a nitrogen-containing base
D. a carboxyl group
E. a five-carbon sugar, one or more phosphate groups, a nitrogen-containing base and a carboxyl group are all components of nucleotides.
Answer: D
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In order for a substance to transfer a phosphate to ADP in a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction, which of the following must be true?
A. The phosphate donor must have a lower oxidation-reduction potential than ATP. B. The phosphate donor must have a higher oxidation-reduction potential than ATP. C. The phosphate donor must have a higher phosphate transfer potential than ATP. D. The phosphate donor must have a lower phosphate transfer potential than ATP.
While not a hard-and-fast rule, molecules may be ranked from more immunogenic to less immunogenic. Which shows the correct ranking form more immunogenic to less immunogenic?
A) proteins > polysaccharides > lipids > haptens B) haptens > proteins > lipids > polysaccharides C) haptens > lipids > polysaccharides > proteins D) polysaccharides > lipids > proteins > haptens E) Only haptens are less immunogenic; lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins have about equal immunogenicity.
The primary advantage C4 plants have over C3 plants is that
A. C4 plants can produce CO2 needed for sugar production in the Calvin cycle more efficiently than C3 plants. B. Relative to C3 plants, C4 plants can keep their stomata open more frequently to limit water evaporation. C. C4 plants can produce sugars more efficiently than C3 plants under cool, wet conditions. D. C4 plants minimize photorespiration compared with C3 plants.
For the potential energy of a proton gradient to be converted to the chemical energy of ATP, the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient must be coupled with ATP synthesis. This coupling is made possible by:
A. ATP synthase. B. coenzyme Q. C. cytochrome C. D. oxygen. E. protein complex IV.