Identify and describe two examples of unethical biomedical research that has taken place in the United States
What will be an ideal response?
a. the Tuskegee syphilis study that left men untreated even after effective treatments had been developed
b. University of Cincinnati researchers exposed terminally ill cancer patients to whole body radiation in research designed to learn how military personnel exposed to radiation might be affected
c. researchers at MIT, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Boston University School of Medicine administered radioactive substances to retarded children without informing either the parents or the children
d. researchers at the Duke Medical Center failed to study adequately the risks associated with simulations of behaviors at 30,000 feet and failed to provide the participant with appropriate informed consent
e. physicians recruited patients for participation in research of diseases of the prostate gland; the physicians were paid by a corporation for recruiting some participants who did not have prostate disease.
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What does Williams mean by saying there is a "deep irony" to the success of criminal organizations?
a. Criminal organizations often hide behind the very laws that they break to become profitable. b. Criminal markets are often lucrative as a direct result of state prohibition and regulation of certain goods. c. Criminal organizations may appeal to a sense of sovereignty and nationalism to defend themselves while directly opposing the state in their daily criminal practice. d. The success of criminal organizations can sometimes enrich the state by providing greater revenue to its citizens, which in turn brings higher tax revenues. e. By challenging law and order in a state, a criminal organization may actually strengthen police or army forces that are forced to increase their size and improve their tactics.
Seymour Martin Lipset is associated with the social science __________
A) psychology B) anthropology C) sociology D) economics
Interest groups use all of the following techniques to influence policy decisions EXCEPT
A) lobbying. B) campaign financing. C) providing favors and gifts. D) nominating candidates for public office.
According to pluralism, bargaining among organized groups and also between these groups and various parts of the governmentresults in a series of compromises thatbecome________
a. another series of compromises b. an injunction c. public policy d. a consensus e. a landmark decision