Which of the following is a component of wisdom, as identified by Baltes and several of his colleagues?
a. The intent of the act does not matter
b. It involves a narrow focus.
c. It involves "average" judgment or advice.
d. It deals with important life issues.
d
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Information processing approaches often involve a computer analogy for human reasoning and memory. In that analogy, which element represents software that accesses information?
A. storage B. automatization C. encoding D. retrieval
Carolyn Rovee-Collier and her colleagues conducted research to see whether infants demonstrate the spacing effect. The results of this research showed that
a. infants and adults responded similarly; both remembered better when their practice was distributed over time. b. infants and adults responded similarly; both remembered better when they learned the material in one concentrated session. c. infants remembered better when practice was distributed; adults remembered better when they learned the material in one concentrated session. d. infants remembered better when they learned the material in one concentrated session; adults remembered better when practice was distributed.
Upon testing variations of his original obedience study, Milgram found that
a. the original participants had conformed to the experimenter's orders only because the study was conducted at a respected institution. b. obedience decreased as the distance between the participant and the learner was increased. c. participants were less likely to shock the learner if he was close by than if he was in another room. d. participants were more likely to shock the learner if other confederate teachers refused to do so.
After scrub jays were allowed to store worms and nuts in different locations, the scrub jays released after four hours flew to the worms, but did not fly to the worms if they are released five days later. This illustrates that the scrub jays
a. had forgotten where they had hidden the worms after one day. b. realized that the worms would be decayed after one day. c. were not sensitive to a passage of time. d. were "stuck in time.".