Which of the following statements is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for an client 80 years of age diagnosed with congestive heart failure, with symptoms of edema, orthopnea, and confusion?
A) Extracellular volume excess related to heart failure, as evidenced by edema and orthopnea
B) Congestive heart failure related to edema
C) Fluid volume excess related to loss of sodium and potassium
D) Fluid volume deficit related to congestive heart failure, as evidenced by shortness of breath
Ans: A
Extracellular volume excess is the state in which a person experiences an excess of vascular and interstitial fluid.
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