Which of the following is a medication that has been found to work in a completely new way in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
a. methotrexate (Rheumatrex) c. etanercept (Enbrel)
b. hydrochloroquine (Aralen) d. sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
C
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A Incorrect. Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) is an antirheumatic and antineoplastic agent used in JRA. It is usually the first SAARD used.
B Incorrect. Hydrochloroquine (Aralen) is an anti-malarial drug used to treat JRA. It decreases inflammation by decreasing the production of prostaglandin.
C Correct. Etanercept (Enbrel) is a medication that has been found to work in a completely new way in the treatment of JRA. Etanercept works by interrupting the inflammatory process, by blocking the cytokine tumor necrosis factor.
D Incorrect. Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) is a slow acting antirheumatic drug (SAARDs) that acts as an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug.
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The nurse is alarmed when a patient with a severe head injury of the occipital lobe has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute because this may indicate an injury to the:
a. cerebellum. b. medulla oblongata. c. cortex. d. cerebrum.
For a flexible scope procedure, in which position should the nurse place the patient?
A) In a dorsal knee-chest position B) Lying on the stomach with legs drawn toward the chest C) Lying on the left side with the left leg bent D) In a prone position with two pillows elevating the legs
The nurse has developed a teaching plan for the family of a 2-year-old boy who holds his breath when he gets frustrated. Which of the following will be most important to include in this plan?
A) Provide cuddle time whenever the child begins to act out. B) Explain the child's behavior to the parents. C) Encourage the parents to interact more with the child. D) Stay close to prevent injury when he gets frustrated.
A client says, "I know my family history puts me at risk for cardiovascular disease. What can I do to reduce my risk?" Which facts should the nurse consider when formulating a response?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Diet and physical activity contribute to the development of CVD. 2. As the American diet has become higher in calories and fat, the incidence of cardiovascular disease has increased. 3. The environment can trigger genetic changes that are outside the client's control. 4. Diet control and exercise should control genetic influences on disease development. 5. Epigenetic changes may or may not influence big differences in phenotype.