A school-age child with hemophilia falls on the playground and goes to the nurse's office with superficial bleeding above the knee. The nurse should:
1. Apply pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes.
2. Apply a warm, moist pack to the area.
3. Perform some passive range-of-motion to the affected leg.
4. Keep the affected extremity in a dependent position.
1
Rationale 1: If a hemophiliac child experiences a bleeding episode, superficial bleeding should be controlled by applying pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes, and ice should be applied.
Rationale 2: Heat would increase the bleeding by dilating the superficial blood vessels.
Rationale 3: The extremity should be immobilized to prevent further bleeding; passive range-of-motion could cause further bleeding at the site.
Rationale 4: The extremity should be elevated, if possible, to prevent swelling at the site.
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