Explain the concepts of instrumental orientation and expressive orientation. How is each
related to cultural values?
What will be an ideal response?
Instrumental orientation refers to a general outlook that assertiveness and action are
important, and a value of ?me against the world.? In terms of communication, an
instrumental orientation includes the use of communication as a tool to accomplish
something or solve a problem. Gender research indicates that males in our culture are
socialized to take an instrumental orientation. An expressive orientation emphasizes
connections with others and establishing relationships. Communication is seen as a way
to build relationships rather than as a tool; hence, communication is a goal within itself
rather than simply a means to an end. Gender research indicates that in this culture,
females are socialized in an expressive orientation.
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When you aim to make the audience aware of an issue or problem that they had not previously known about, your informative purpose is likely __________.
A. creating a feeling B. converting the audience C. providing new perspective D. agenda setting
Marissa is from New York. She is sent to Georgia by her company to supervise a new division. While there, Marissa notices a difference in the way language is used. For example, she uses words like "schlep" when describing her commute, while the people from Georgia use "y'all" frequently. Marissa tries to be friendly with her new employees and coworkers, but they seem to question her credibility. What might be contributing to their lack of confidence in her?
A. Her use of a different dialect B. Her use of weasel words C. Her New Yorker clichés D. Her frequent equivocation
A decision-making team should keep the following in mind about taking a risk:
A) It may produce a failure or expensive side effects B) It may produce an innovative success C) Without it, no progress is possible D) All of these choices E) None of these choices
The research on sex and cultural differences in self-esteem has primarily disputed which of the following claims?
A. Caucasian men and women do not differ in reported levels of self-esteem. B. Differences in self-esteem among various ethnic groups tend to be modest. C. Caucasians report the highest levels of self-esteem of any ethnic group in the U.S. D. On the whole, Native Americans report lower levels of self-esteem than Caucasians.