The discipline that takes the form of punishment or chastisement is known as:
A. Positive discipline.
B. Negative discipline.
C. Positive reinforcement.
D. Negative reinforcement.
Answer: B
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Assume that John fired a gun at Pat, intending to injure but not kill her. However, because of his poor aim, he fatally hit her in the ear. Under the Model Penal Code, he acted
A. purposefully. B. knowingly. C. negligently. D. recklessly.
What rationale for due process is based on the idea that admitting unreliable evidence denies defendants the right to their life?
a. state's rights b. reliability c. forced confessions d. Miranda
What did Douglas Lipton and colleagues conclude with regard to the effectiveness of probation programs?
A) Probationers have a significantly higher violation rate than parolees. B) If placed on probation, recidivism rates of a large number of offenders now incarcerated will be higher. C) Intensive probation supervision is associated with higher recidivism rates for youths under age 18. D) Recidivism rates of a large number of incarcerated offenders would remain constant on probation.
According to development theory, the best predictor of future criminality is:
a. body type and personality b. grades in high school c. parenting style d. past criminality