Explain why excessive abdominal fat appears to increase the risk of chronic disease
One explanation for why fat in the abdomen may increase the risk of disease involves adipokines, hormones released by adipose tissue. Adipokines help to regulate inflammation and energy metabolism in the tissues. In central obesity, a shift occurs in the balance of adipokines, favoring those that increase both inflammation and insulin resistance of tissues. The resulting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance contribute to diabetes, atherosclerosis (a cause of heart disease), and other chronic diseases. Insulin resistance is a central feature of the metabolic syndrome.
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Monica has been trying to lose weight for about a year. Throughout the past year she has educated herself on the guidelines of good nutrition and exercise. Despite knowing that she needs to change her lifestyle, she is frustrated with her inability to lose weight and wants to "jumpstart" her weight loss. She is trying to lose 5-10 lbs. as soon as possible because she feels that gradual changes
are emotional downers and she is unable to commit to gradual change. She ends up over eating, eating out of balance, and ceasing to exercise. Her most recent diet is as follows: day 1: fruits only, day 2: vegetables only, day 3: fruits and vegetables only, day 4: 6 bananas and milk, days 5 and 6: tomatoes only, day 7: eat whatever you want. In addition to the diet Monica is exercising daily for 1-2 hours. If Monica were to reduce her intake by approximately 250 calories and exercise moderately every day for 35-45 minutes, resulting in a calorie expenditure of 250 calories per day, how much weight could she lose in one week? A) No weight will be lost because the calorie debt is too low B) 1/2 lb C) 1 lb D) 5 lbs
Susan is deciding what to order for lunch at the fast-food restaurant near her school. Which combination would you recommend as the best nutritional selection?
a. a grilled chicken sandwich with mustard and side salad with vinaigrette b. a fried chicken sandwich with mayonnaise and side salad with dressing c. a fish patty sandwich with tarter sauce and baked potato with butter d. a cheeseburger and a milkshake e. nachos with extra guacamole and less sour cream
In its active form, insulin consists of two _______________ chains linked by _______________ bridges
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The most common sign of folate deficiency is:
a. microcytic anemia. b. megaloblastic anemia. c. pernicious anemia. d. hemolytic anemia.