Regarding the effect of caffeine on exercise performance, a review of the available research suggests ________.

A. the perception of effort during exercise is heightened and thereby improves performance
B. caffeine ingestion increases epinephrine levels during exercise and may exert a stimulating psychological effect
C. abstaining from caffeine for 2-4 days prior to competition heightens the effect of caffeine when taken
D. caffeine may raise serum free fatty acids levels at rest just before exercise and increase the use of fat as an energy source during exercise


Answer: B

Nutritional Science

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The gain of additional body fat slowly over a period of years is known as "creeping obesity."

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Nutritional Science

Tamara and Martin are expecting their first child, a girl, in a few months. Tamara has a family history of type 2 diabetes and her mother had gestational diabetes when she was pregnant with her. Tamara has been overweight for most of her adult life, but began exercising and improved her diet before becoming pregnant. Tamara was recently tested for gestational diabetes and the test result showed

that she has elevated blood glucose levels. Martin has had type 1 diabetes since age 4 . He monitors his blood glucose levels several times a day and takes insulin to manage his blood glucose. Martin has always been a healthy weight, but he does not exercise regularly. His dietary habits also need to be improved to help manage his blood glucose levels. Tamara and Martin are concerned for their family's health and want to do all they can to reduce the risk of diabetes and associated health problems.Which breakfast has a low glycemic index and would be a good choice for Tamara and Martin in the morning? a. white bread and homemade strawberry jam b. Special K with low-fat milk c. black coffee and a scone d. a frozen waffle and syrup e. oatmeal with low-fat milk and a banana

Nutritional Science

Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident. He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg. According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds. During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia. His current

medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain. Mr. Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including yohimbe, kava, valerian, and St. John's wort. With the medications Mr. Salazar is taking, he should be advised to stop taking _____, because of the potential of this herb to suppress the effects of some drugs. a. yohimbe b. kava c. St. John's wort d. valerian e. ginseng

Nutritional Science

Why is it commonly recommended that vegetarian athletes consume approximately 10% more protein than non-vegetarian athletes?

a. More protein is burned for energy by vegetarian athletes. b. Vegetarians have a more difficult time synthesizing skeletal muscle protein. c. To maintain fluid balance. d. To account for lower digestibility of plant proteins.

Nutritional Science