What does age-related relaxation of the esophageal sphincter in a 70-year-old patient cause?
a. Excessive belching
b. Dumping syndrome
c. Tickling sensation, requiring frequent coughing
d. Burning in the throat when lying down
D
A common age-related change in the throat is a weakened esophageal sphincter. This allows gas-tric contents to flow back up into the throat and irritate the larynx. Elevating the head of the bed is a common treatment.
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A patient, aged 77 years, has Alzheimer's disease. She goes to day care during the week and is otherwise cared for by her daughter and grandchildren
The nurse at the day care center noticed multiple bruises on the patient's palms, elbows, and buttocks. When the daughter arrived to pick her up, the nurse discussed her observations. The daughter became defensive and said that her mother was very difficult to manage. She stated, "My mother is not my mother anymore. She is confused, and she wanders all night. We have to watch her constantly. Last night I fell asleep, and she fell down the stairs. Sometimes she cannot recognize me and accuses me of trying to poison her. I can't concentrate at work, and it's wrecking the family. Sometimes I just cannot bear it.". Which nursing diagnosis would be most important to address for this family? a. Knowledge deficit pertaining to dementia b. Grieving related to mother's deterioration c. Risk for injury related to cognitive impairment d. Caregiver role strain related to increased care needs
A client asks for a prescription for tadalafil (Cialis). What would be important for the nurse know prior to planning interventions for this client?
A) "Do you have diabetes mellitus?" B) "Do you take blood pressure medication?" C) "Do you have any sexually transmitted infections?" D) "Do you use nitroglycerine?"
When reviewing the medical history of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), the nurse is most likely to observe which of the following?
A) Elevated IL-12 B) Decreased interferon gamma C) Elevated IL-10 D) Decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha
One identified time waster is perfectionism. Which of the following is not correct regarding perfectionists?
a. hate criticism b. are devastated by failure c. value themselves for who they are d. remember mistakes and dwell on them