Explain the three factors of phonation
Important factors of phonation are pitch, volume, and rate. These factors permit us to recognize other people's voices over the phone.
(a) Pitch: The highness or lowness of the voice is called pitch. Pleasant voices have medium or low pitch; however, a varied pitch pattern is desirable. The pitch of the voice rises and falls to reflect emotions; for example, fear and anger are reflected in a higher pitch; sadness, in a lower pitch. Lower pitches for both men and women are perceived as sounding more authoritative; higher pitches indicate less confidence and suggest pleading or whining. Techniques discussed later in this section can help you lower the pitch of your voice.
(b) Volume: The loudness of tones is referred to as volume.Generally, good voices are easily heard by everyone in the audience but are not too loud. Use variety to hold the audience's attention, emphasize words or ideas, and create a desired atmosphere.
(c) Rate: The speed at which words are spoken is called rate. Never speak so quickly that the audience cannot understand your message or so slowly that they are distracted or irritated. Vary the rate with the demands of the situation. For example, speak at a slower rate when presenting a complex concept or emphasizing an important idea . Pause to add emphasis to a key point or to transition to another major section of the presentation. Speak at a faster rate when presenting less important information or when reviewing.
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A) 81.3% B) 20.2% C) 40.7% D) 60%
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In NAACP v. North Hudson Regional Fire & Rescue, the NAACP sued the North Hudson fire department for disparate impact discrimination because the fire department required that potential firefighters live in North Hudson. In North Hudson, only 3% of the population was African-American, while in the Tri-county area, 37.4% of protective services workers were African-American. North Hudson claimed
that residency was a business necessity. The court ruled: a. for the NAACP, because there were less discriminatory means of achieving the fire department's goals b. for the NAACP, because the fire department intentionally discriminated based on race c. for the North Hudson Fire Department, because it was reasonable to require firefighters to live in the city so that they were familiar with streets and buildings d. for the North Hudson Fire Department, because the NAACP had not proved a prima facie case of discrimination