The nurse answers a patient's call for a pain shot, only to find the patient laughing and joking with visitors. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
a. "I'll bring your shot back later, after your visitors are gone."
b. "I can see your pain is better. Call again when you need your shot."
c. "You don't need this pain shot after all, do you?"
d. "Would you like your visitors to step out while I give you your pain shot?"
ANS: D
Distraction (by the patient's visitors) is an effective adjuvant treatment but does not replace analgesics for pain. The nurse should administer the analgesic. A, B, and C do not administer the shot now, and the patient may be in increased pain after the visitors leave, which will be more difficult to control.
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What should the nurse look for when reviewing a patient's chart to determine whether she has progressed from HIV disease to AIDS?
a. CD4+ count below 500, chronic fatigue, night sweats b. HIV-positive test result, CD4+ count below 200, history of opportunistic disease c. Weight loss, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, chronic diarrhea d. Fever, chills, CD4+ count below 200
The pregnant patient who is at 14 weeks' gestation asks the nurse why the doctor used to call her baby an embryo, and now calls it a fetus. What is the best answer to this question?
1. "A fetus is the term used from the ninth week of gestation and onward." 2. "We call a baby a fetus when it is larger than an embryo." 3. "An embryo is a baby from conception until the eighth week." 4. "The official term for a baby in utero is really zygote."
Random selection of the sample is a primary characteristic of which sampling method?
a. Nonprobability b. Probability c. Quota d. Convenience
The nurse is teaching the family of a client diagnosed with dementia about the disease process. Which of the following teaching points accurately describe this mental alteration?
A) Dementia is a normal part of aging. B) Dementia is not any specific disease or disorder. C) Dementia does not cause personality changes. D) Dementia does not affect level of consciousness.