For anaphase to begin, which of the following must occur?
A) Chromatids must lose their kinetochores.
B) Cohesin must attach the sister chromatids to each other.
C) Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically.
D) Kinetochores must attach to the metaphase plate.
E) Spindle microtubules must begin to depolymerize.
Ans: C) Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically.
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DNA is
a. composed of protein and lipid subunits. b. organized into functional units called genes. c. organized into functional units called chromosomes. d. organized into functional units called ribosomes. e. organized from information contained in proteins.
Within the typical sexual reproduction of green algae, the genetic composition of the sporophyte form of the protist is
A. limited to the DNA found within the chloroplasts, because the sporophyte is a dormant form of the protist. B. 1n, or haploid, because the sporophyte follows meiosis. C. 2n, or diploid, because the sporophyte follows fertilization, growing and differentiating through numerous cell cycles. D. None of the answer choices is correct. E. reproduced through mitosis, after the zygote single cell has formed.
tonoplast
A. a feature of all cells B. found in prokaryotic cells only C. found in eukaryotic cells only D. found in plant cells only E. found in animal cells only
In a chloroplast, the stroma is
A) a pore in the outer membrane. B) a stack of thylakoids. C) the region between in the inner and outer membranes. D) a connection between the grana. E) a gel-like matrix between the inner chloroplast membrane and the thylakoid membrane.