Jason has just been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. His son came to his checkup with him to ask some questions about his father's new diagnosis
a. What can you tell him about Parkinson's disease?
b. What manifestations will he expect to see in his dad as it progresses?
c. How is it diagnosed?
d. What treatment is available?
Students' answers should include the following:
a. Dopamine deficiency; acetylcholine in another area of the brain overreacts
This imbalance causes the Parkinson's disease characteristics.
Progression usually slows between the first symptoms and diagnosis.
b. Signs include stiffness, rigidity, pill rolling, hand tremors, bradykinesia, masklike expressions, stooped posture, difficulty swallowing, and hypophonia.
Shuffling gait
Late stages affect jaw, tongue, and larynx; slurred speech; and difficulty chewing and swallowing.
c. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and neurologic exam.
No specific tests
d. Drugs such as levodopa, selegiline, Sinemet, Parlodel, Cogentin, and Apokyn
Physical therapy, occupational therapy, family education, and counseling with drug therapy
Other treatments are available.
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