Which of the following is a defining characteristic that all protocells had in common?
A) the ability to synthesize enzymes
B) a surrounding membrane or membrane-like structure
C) RNA genes
D) the ability to replicate RNA
B
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A young woman with rhinovirus goes to the doctor to see if she can get a prescription for antibiotics. How would the antibiotics affect the rhinovirus?
A) Most rhinovirus cells would be killed by the antibiotics. B) The rhinovirus would spread more quickly, because the antibiotics would eliminate competing pathogens. C) Rhinovirus reproduction would be slowed by the antibiotics, allowing the immune system to attack the virus. D) The rhinovirus would not be affected by the antibiotics.
Which of the following components is NOT part of the modern cell theory?
A) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. B) Cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms. C) The smallest living organisms are single cells. D) All cells arise from preexisting cells. E) Bacteria are examples of eukaryotic cells.
The invasion of the land by amphibians posed a number of challenges requiring evolutionary innovations. Which one of the following does NOT match a challenge with a corresponding adaptation found in amphibians?
A. The force of gravity was greater without water's buoying effect, selecting for well-muscled legs. B. Eggs dry out in a terrestrial environment, selecting for the amniotic egg. C. Additional oxygen was needed for larger muscles, selecting for the partially-divided heart and pulmonary circuit. D. Gills tend to collapse out of the water, selecting for lungs and cutaneous respiration.
Virus replication results in the death of the cell in ________ infection(s)
A) a lytic B) a latent C) a persistent D) a lysogenic E) both latent and persistent