Climate models support the claim that human activity is causing the currently observed global warming because
A) the models can perfectly predict all aspects of today's climate.
B) climate models that include contributions by human activity agree much better with actual data than models that consider only natural factors.
C) the models are very sophisticated, with thousands of equations, and this gives scientists confidence that the models must be correct.
D) the models predict that warming will continue in the future.
B) climate models that include contributions by human activity agree much better with actual data than models that consider only natural factors.
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This diagram shows Earth's atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over the past few decades. What is the significance of the up and down wiggles?
A) They show seasonal variations in the concentration. B) They show that the rise in carbon dioxide concentration is caused by human activity. C) They show that the carbon dioxide concentration can vary randomly and by large amounts. D) They show that there is a lot of noise in data that attempt to measure the carbon dioxide concentration.
Alternating zones of rising and sinking gas in Jupiter's atmosphere:
A) create light and dark bands. B) cause Jupiter's magnetic field to ripple. C) produced the ring system discovered by Voyager. D) generate their own magnetic fields. E) circle the planet from pole to pole.
Which of the following is true of Claudius Ptolemy?
A) He was interested in philosophical rather than practical questions about the Universe. B) For him, first principles took second place to accuracy. C) He believed that Earth was at the exact center of the Universe. D) He disagreed completely with Aristotle's ideas of the Universe.
Regarding the validity of the law of conservation of energy,
A) it is valid for any situation in which Newtonian physics is valid, but is often incorrect outside of that range. B) it is valid in all situations except those situations involving heat. C) this law is a consequence of Newtonian physics, and so this law is valid in every known situation because Newtonian physics is valid in every known situation. D) it is valid in every known situation--including those situations in which Newtonian physics is not valid.